Needs And Importance Of Copy Catalog And Cooperative
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Summary
Needs and Importance of Copy Catalog andCooperative Cataloguing ByB. P. Bhatt Scientist ‘SF’ (Retd.) and MukeshKumar Mishra Library Assistant Library and Documentation Division Space Applications Centre/ISRO Ahmedabad Introduction • The purpose is to discuss the need and importance of Copy catalogue and cooperative cataloguing within public libraries network in Gujarat
• Library catalog is a mirror of any library
• Catalog can be printed, sheaf form, card form, electronic or in digital form
• This can be of individual library or a specific group of libraries
11/2/2012 2 Brief History • Library cooperation and cooperative cataloguing is not a new concept
• Library of Congress introduced card services in United States in 1901
• In Great Britain, Library cooperation can be traced back to 1902
• Establishment of combined catalogue for publication at a Central Office to assist librarians to avoid purchasing of reference books already available at other London libraries
• In 1907 some public libraries in London established a scheme of exchange of printed catalogues and also agreed to lend books to each other. Later the schemes of printed catalogues were replaced by card and sheaf catalogues
11/2/2012 3 Brief History Contd • Even in South Africa library cooperation was accepted in 1933 for inter-library lending for mutual benefit to participating libraries
• Libraries could develop their individual collection in specialized areas looking to the need of local clusters
• This special collection can be shared by other libraries in a consortium with the help of union catalogue or cooperative cataloguing system
• This could help each participating libraries to reduce operational cost and optimize their resources, specifically with regards to11/2/2012 4 periodical acquisitions and reference work
Copy Catalogue • The quality of cataloguing concerns a lot for bibliographic control
• The standard of full, accurate and timely bibliographic records is must to produce reliable access in a cost effective manner
• Copy cataloguing reflects the same above
• In fact copy cataloguing is the process of building upon original cataloguing. It involves the process of matching an established bibliographic record with an exact duplicate item described to be added in to a collection
• Best examples of the copy cataloguing are the world catalog of OCLC and library of congress catalog which holds millions of MARC records
• Sometimes records are improved or corrected in the process of copy cataloguing at the user library end
11/2/2012 5 Copy Catalogue Contd • Copy cataloguing alone is not generally considered “professional” level work, although some copy cataloguing such as upgrading and improving minimum level records does reach a level of complexity that rivals original cataloguing and is appropriate for a librarian to perform alongside original cataloguing
• This is sometimes called advanced copy cataloguing
• In many cases, CIP data is not AACR2 compliant. In such cases it must be made AACR compliant and the cataloguer must have sufficient reading knowledge of the foreign language material in order to analyze the content and provide appropriate subject headings and a suitable classification number for such advanced copy cataloguing MLS or equivalent Master
11/2/2012 6 Co-operative Cataloguing • Various type of cooperation started as soon as the application of computers emerged for library activities
• Cooperation between group of libraries viz. regional libraries, specific type of libraries i.e. academic or special or public libraries, took place rapidly
• Use of CIP data or regional and national bibliographies like INB or BNB etc. was done to create local catalogues of individual libraries
• Computer based catalogs were developed by libraries and shared between the groups of libraries & later between groups of libraries on co-operative basis using different types of computer network facilities viz. LAN, WAN, intranet, internet etc
• Cooperative cataloguing made the librarian’s task quite easier to cope up with backlogs for online catalog
11/2/2012 7 Cooperative Catalogue Contd • The volume of information being published in the world during the last couple of decades has grown rapidly. Due to new research Inventions in almost every field, new information generates through out the day and at the same time information gets obsolete quickly
• Acquisition of all desirable materials and continuing published knowledge in almost every field has generated a difficult situation in libraries, especially in the developing countries
• Sharing of information or resources through the library cooperation provides a best solution for this critical issue. Sharing of information helps the libraries to perform a balance and up-to-date information service for its clients
11/2/2012 8 Cooperative Catalogue Contd • Union Catalogue is one of the important bibliographic tools which is widely used in library cooperation activities
• Library Catalogue provides bibliographic information of a collection of a particular library where the Union Catalogue provides the bibliographic information about the collections of range of libraries with the physical location of information
• Union Catalogue is available in different types such as local, regional, national and international. Among these types National Union Catalogue is the most significant type due to its objectives, goals, format and specially the coverage of geographical area
11/2/2012 9 Conversion of Catalogues • The online searching has become the preferred form of access
• Now, the major challenge, most libraries and archives facing is the need to convert to electronic form all the finding aids and catalogues, that is retro-conversion
• This challenge has in recent years received priority attention. It will be many years before it is fully met
• In the conversion of earlier finding aids (catalogues), it is usually desirable to upgrade the content, to bring the data in line with current standards of description and to ensure the consistency which enables cross-searching of related resources
11/2/2012 10 Conversion of Catalogues Contd• These catalogues may be the subject of further improvement as opportunity and resources permit. Some of the existing standards are- – MARC21 for creating database structure
– Anglo American Cataloging Rules-2 (AACR2) for rendering information
– Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) for assigning Subject Headings
– ALA-LC Romanization Tables – For entering the records in roman letter (Transliteration schemes for non-roman scripts, Developed and maintained by Library of Congress, 1997.) – Indian Standards - Indian script code for information interchange -11/2/2012 ISCII. New Delhi: Bureau of Indian Standards, 1991. (IS 13194: 11 1991) Impact of Online Catalogues • Online cataloging has greatly enhanced the usability of catalogs and the rise of MAchine Readable Cataloging (MARC) standards in the 1960s
• Rules governing the creation of MARC catalog records include not only formal cataloging rules like AACR2 but also special rules specific to MARC, available from the Library of Congress and also OCLC
• MARC was originally used to automate the creation of physical catalog cards; Now the MARC computer files are accessed directly in the search process
• The quality of cataloguing concerns a lot for bibliographic control. • The standard of full, accurate and timely bibliographic records is must to produce reliable access in a cost effective manner. …
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Frequently Asked Questions
How do cataloguing units decide where to take copies from?
Most cataloguing units maintain a list of libraries they prefer to take copy from; such things as the incorporation of local practices, the numbers of errors, similar cataloguing practices, and how closely the copy comes to LC copy standards are some of the considerations (McCue 1991,66).
What are the benefits of copy cataloguing?
Nwalo (2003) notes that copy cataloguing is of immense benefits to libraries and their users as it makes information more readily available, saves costs and prevents duplication of effort.
Is copy cataloguing considered professional level work?
Copy cataloguing alone is not generally considered “professional” level work, although some copy cataloguing such as upgrading and improving minimum level records does reach a level of complexity that rivals original cataloguing and is appropriate for a librarian to perform alongside original cataloguing.
What are the cataloguing options for libraries that do not have cataloguing?
In applying these standards, libraries which do not have centralized cataloguing have a number of options. They may do their own original cataloguing, obtain derived / copy cataloguing, purchase commercially produced cataloguing or use any combi- nation of the above.